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Affects the cornea
Keratoconus is an eye disorder that affects the shape and structure of the cornea, which is the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye. In individuals with keratoconus, the cornea thins out and gradually bulges into a cone-like shape instead of maintaining its normal rounded curvature. This abnormal shape causes visual distortion and may lead to significant vision impairment.
Cause is genetical and environmental
The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It often begins during adolescence or early adulthood and tends to progress slowly over time. Some studies suggest that excessive eye rubbing, certain hormonal imbalances, and chronic eye irritation may contribute to the development or progression of the condition.
The most common symptom of keratoconus is a progressive deterioration of vision. Initially, individuals may experience mild blurring and distortion, which can gradually worsen. Other symptoms include sensitivity to light, increased glare, frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions, and the appearance of multiple images (ghosting) or streaking of lights.
Although the exact cure for keratoconus does not exist, various treatment options are available to manage its symptoms and improve visual acuity. In the early stages, vision correction with eyeglasses or soft contact lenses may be sufficient. As the condition progresses, rigid hard or scleral contact lenses are often prescribed to provide better visual clarity. Prior to contact lens fitting corneal collagen cross-linking, a procedure that strengthens the cornea by using ultraviolet light and special eye drops should be initiated by an Ophthalmologist when kerataconus is first diagnosed. This procedure serves to arrest corneal change and maintain the cornea in a relatively regular shape enabling the patient to still see through spectacles when taking rest breaks from their contact lenses.
In severe cases of kerataconus where contact lenses are no longer able to be worn,corneal transplantation, in which the damaged cornea is replaced with a healthy donor cornea is an option.
Regular eye examinations are crucial for diagnosing and monitoring keratoconus. Early detection allows for timely intervention and management, which can help slow down the progression of the condition and preserve vision.
Consult with us for a proper diagnosis and personalized treatment plan if you suspect you may have keratoconus or are experiencing any vision problems. We can provide the necessary guidance and recommend the most appropriate treatment options based on individual circumstances.